Transistors and Breakthroughs

Just clarifying some stuff from today - the valves (thermionic devices) we saw are now replaced by  semiconductors (solid state devices) - one of the most recent Radeon graphic cards  has a Graphics Processing Unit  (GPU)  with 4.3 billion transistors in ~350 square millimetres. That is approaching 12 million transistors per square millimetre.

If that GPU was made out of the smallest valves we saw in class today it would cover an area of about 1 square kilometre.

And  - because I want to keep pushing you into a Science based career (photonics, quantum computing, fusion power...) here are the links to those articles we discussed today:

Red photons to yellow photon for solar cells here

The universe sized computer made of 300 atoms here

And a comic (LOL-worthy, for me anyway) about quantum computing (from here originally)

Khan Academy for Prelim and HSC Physics

The Khan Academy is an online educational resource with short (up to 10 minute) lectures on different topics. Below are the Khan Academy videos relevant to Preliminary & HSC Physics.

So - if you didn't quite get something in the last two years and you want it explained again,
Or - if you want some extra worked examples for numerical calculations
Or - you want to hear things explained in a new way,

I recommend you watch the videos below.

But please, no matter how well-intentioned, please don't say "Thanks, I never understood xxxxx before - but now I do thanks to those videos" - even though I will be really happy for you, my professional pride will be wounded.

THE WORLD COMMUNICATES

1. Introduction to Waves
2. Amplitude, Period, Frequency and Wavelength of Periodic Waves
3. Introduction to the Doppler Effect
4. Specular and Diffuse Reflection
5. Specular and Diffuse Reflection 2
6. Refraction and Snell's Law
7. Refraction in Water
8. Snell's Law Examples 1
9. Snell's Law Example 2
10. Total Internal Reflection

ELECTRICAL ENERGY IN THE HOME

11. Electrostatics (part 1): Introduction to Charge and Coulomb's Law
12. Electrostatics (part 2)
13. Electric Potential Energy
14. Voltage
15. Circuits (part 1)
16. Circuits (part 2)
17. Circuits (part 3)
18. Circuits (part 4)
19. Introduction to Magnetism

MOVING ABOUT

20. Introduction to Vectors and Scalars
21. Calculating Average Velocity or Speed
22. Solving for Time
23. Displacement from Time and Velocity Example
24. Acceleration
25. Newton's First Law of Motion
26. Newton's Second Law of Motion
27. Newton's Third Law of Motion
28. Airbus A380 Take-off Time
29. Airbus A380 Take-off Distance
30. Why Distance is Area under Velocity-Time Line
31. Average Velocity for Constant Acceleration
32. Acceleration of Aircraft Carrier Takeoff
33. Race Cars with Constant Speed Around Curve
34. Deriving Displacement as a Function of Time, Acceleration and Initial Velocity
35. Visualizing Vectors in 2 Dimensions
36. Normal Force and Contact Force
37. Normal Force in an Elevator
38. Inclined Plane Force Components
39. Ice Accelerating Down an Incline
40. Force of Friction Keeping the Block Stationary
41. Correction to Force of Friction Keeping the Block Stationary
42. Force of Friction Keeping Velocity Constant
43. Introduction to Momentum
44. Momentum: Ice skater throws a ball
45. 2-dimensional momentum problem
46. 2-dimensional momentum problem (part 2)
47. Introduction to work and energy
48. Work and Energy (part 2)
49. Conservation of Energy
50. Work/Energy problem with Friction

COSMIC ENGINE

1. Scale of Earth and Sun
2. Scale of Solar System
3. Scale of Distance to Closest Stars
4. Scale of the Galaxy
5. Intergalactic Scale
6. Hubble Image of Galaxies
7. Big Bang Introduction
8. Radius of Observable Universe
9. (Correction) Radius of Observable Universe
10. Red Shift
11. Cosmic Background Radiation
12. Cosmic Background Radiation 2
13. Cosmological Time Scale 1
14. Cosmological Time Scale 2
15. Birth of Stars
16. Becoming a Red Giant
17. White and Black Dwarfs
18. Hubble's Law
19. Lifecycle of Massive Stars
20. Supernova (Supernovae)
21. Supernova clarification
22. Black Holes

SPACE

51. Introduction to Gravity
52. Mass and Weight Clarification
53. Viewing g as the value of Earth's Gravitational Field Near the
54. Gravity for Astronauts in Orbit
55. Would a Brick or Feather Fall Faster
56. Normal Force and Contact Force
57. Normal Force in an Elevator
58. Plotting Projectile Displacement, Acceleration, and Velocity
59. Projectile Height Given Time
60. Deriving Max Projectile Displacement Given Time
61. Impact Velocity From Given Height
62. Visualizing Vectors in 2 Dimensions
63. Projectile at an Angle
64. Different Way to Determine Time in Air
65. Launching and Landing on Different Elevations
66. Total Displacement for Projectile
67. Total Final Velocity for Projectile
68. Correction to Total Final Velocity for Projectile
69. Centripetal Force and Acceleration Intuition
70. Visual Understanding of Centripetal Acceleration Formula
71. Loop De Loop Question
72. Loop De Loop Answer part 1
73. Loop De Loop Answer part 2
74. Acceleration Due to Gravity at the Space Station
75. Space Station Speed in Orbit
76. Introduction to Newton's Law of Gravitation
77. Gravitation (part 2)

MOTORS & GENERATORS

78. Introduction to Torque
79. Moments
80. Magnetism 2
81. Magnetism 3
82. Magnetism 4
83. Magnetism 5
84. Magnetism 6: Magnetic field due to current
85. Magnetism 7
86. Magnetism 8
87. Magnetism 9: Electric Motors
88. Magnetism 10: Electric Motors
89. Magnetism 11: Electric Motors
90. Magnetism 12: Induced Current in a Wire
91. Introduction to Magnetism

IDEAS TO IMPEMENTATION

92. Magnetism 2
93. Magnetism 3
94. Magnetism 4
95. Magnetism 5

QUANTA TO QUARKS

96. Four Fundamental Forces
97. Types of Decay
98. Half-Life

Khan Academy for Prelim and HSC Chemistry

The Khan Academy is an online educational resource with short (up to 10 minute) lectures on different topics. Below are the Khan Academy videos relevant to Preliminary & HSC Chemistry.

So - if you didn't quite get something in the last two years   and you want it explained again,
Or - if you want some extra worked examples for moles (see the Metals unit),
Or - you want to hear things explained in a new way,

I recommend you watch the videos below.

But please, no matter how well-intentioned, please don't say "Thanks, I never understood xxxxx before - but now I do thanks to those videos" - even though I will be really happy for you, my professional pride will be wounded.

THE CHEMICAL EARTH

1. Elements and Atoms
2. Introduction to the atom
3. Orbitals
4. More on orbitals and electron configuration
5. Electron Configurations
6. Electron Configurations 2
7. Valence Electrons
8. States of Matter
9. States of Matter Follow-Up
10. Covalent Networks, Metallic, and Ionic Crystals

METALS

11. Groups of the Periodic Table
12. Periodic Table Trends: Ionization Energy
13. Other Periodic Table Trends
14. Ionic, Covalent, and Metallic Bonds
15. Molecular and Empirical Formulas
16. The Mole and Avogadro's Number
17. Formula from Mass Composition
18. Another mass composition problem
19. Balancing Chemical Equations
20. Stoichiometry
21. Stoichiometry: Limiting Reagent
22. Stoichiometry Example Problem 1
23. Stoichiometry Example Problem 2
24. Limiting Reactant Example Problem 1
25. Empirical and Molecular Formulas from Stoichiometry
26. Example of Finding Reactant Empirical Formula
27. Molecular and Empirical Forumlas from Percent Composition

WATER

28. Stoichiometry of a Reaction in Solution
29. Another Stoichiometry Example in a Solution
30. Van Der Waals Forces
31. Solubility
32. Boiling Point Elevation and Freezing Point Supression

ENERGY

33. Introduction to Kinetics
34. Reactions in Equilibrium
35. Enthalpy
36. Heat of Formation
37. Hess's Law and Reaction Enthalpy Change

PRODUCTION OF MATERIALS

38. Enthalpy
39. Introduction to Oxidation States
40. More on Oxidation States
41. Redox Reactions
42. Galvanic Cells
43. Types of Decay
44. Half-Life

THE ACIDIC ENVIRONMENT

45. Le Chatelier's Principle
46. Introduction to pH, pOH, and pKw
47. Acid Base Introduction
48. pH, pOH of Strong Acids and Bases
49. pH of a Weak Acid
50. pH of a Weak Base
51. Conjugate Acids and Bases
52. Buffers and Hendersen-Hasselbalch
53. Acid Base Titration
54. Strong Acid Titration
55. Weak Acid Titration
56. Titration Roundup

CHEMICAL MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT

57. Spectrophotometry Introduction
58. Spectrophotometry Example
59. Introduction to Kinetics
60. Reactions in Equilibrium
61. Le Chatelier's Principle

Einstein and Planck stuff

Every year I get to this dot point (which by then I have forgotten) and the cogs of my brain start turning again and I eventually have some new revelations

This year I'm thinking on these lines:

1) Planck - was science research removed from society? – NO. Science should serve the society of ones nation (nationalist) -  in his case Germany (which in war time meant supporting the German war effort).

2) Planck - was Science research removed from politics? – NO. Sscience research should be dictated by political powers to direct the research to serve the nation - the ultimate decision/responsibility about the uses/consequences of the research lay with the political powers.

3) Einstein - was science removed from society? – NO. Science should serve the entirety of humanity - not any particular nation. Scientists had a responsibility to society and had to take responsibility for the consequences of their research.

4) Einstein - was Science research removed from politics? – NO. Scientists had a role in shaping politics and society - they should use their research and findings to sway political and public opinion to better serve all humankind.

Now if I was writing an essay on this I would need to detail what they did in WWI and WWII and provide evidence (in what they did) to support each of my 4 proposals. Which I think I could do.

BUT you might completely disagree with these 4 ideas - THAT IS OK - you can make any claim you like about 'whether science research is removed from social and political forces' - as long as you can construct an argument to support your claim.

Don’t forget to read the semiconductor article here

Ahem - despite arguments to the contrary my official title is:
Primo Brick, Round Rattle 1 x 1 with Blue Overalls and Animal Face Pattern